total peripheral resistance การใช้

• The drug acts on the renin-angiotensin system to decrease total peripheral resistance in two ways.
• Nitric oxide reduces both total peripheral resistance and venous return, thus decreasing both preload and afterload.
• This relaxation will decrease total peripheral resistance, which will in turn decrease venous return to the heart.
• This will result in a decrease in total peripheral resistance and a decrease in preload on the heart.
• Vasodilation directly affects the relationship between mean arterial pressure, cardiac output, and total peripheral resistance ( TPR ).
• Systolic, diastolic, pulse and mean arterial pressures and total peripheral resistance were significantly lower in the DOW group than in the control group.
• Furthermore, this increased cardiac output is coupled with lowered total peripheral resistance; meaning, while the heart is pumping faster, the vasculature is relaxed.
• Carpaine, 2 mg / kg, reduced cardiac output, stroke volume, stroke work, and cardiac power, but the calculated total peripheral resistance remained unchanged.
• The decrease in angiotensin II results in relaxation of arteriole smooth muscle leading to a decrease in total peripheral resistance, reducing blood pressure as the blood is pumped through widened vessels.
• Sympathetic activation leads to an elevation of total peripheral resistance and cardiac output via increased contractility of the heart, heart rate, and arterial vasoconstriction, which tends to increase blood pressure.
• Blood pressure in the arteries supplying the body is a result of the work needed to pump the cardiac output ( the flow of blood pumped by the heart ) through the " vascular resistance ", usually termed total peripheral resistance by physicians and researchers.
• For example, during vasoconstriction the end diastolic volume ( EDV ) will increase due to an increase in TPR ( total peripheral resistance ) ( increased TPR causes a decrease in the stroke volume which means that more blood will be left in the ventricle upon contraction  an increased end systolic volume ( ESV ).
• This technique has progressed clinically ( often now called BioZ, i . e . biologic impedance, as promoted by the leading manufacturer in the US ) and allows low cost, non-invasive estimations of cardiac output and total peripheral resistance, using only 4 skin electrodes, oscillometric blood pressure measurement and lung water volumes with minimal removal of clothing in physician offices having the needed equipment.
• Blood Pressure ( BP ) is determined by cardiac output ( CO ) and total peripheral resistance ( TPR ), as represented by the formula BP = CO x TPR . Cardiac output ( CO ) is affected by two factors, the heart rate ( HR ) and the stroke volume ( SV ), the volume of blood pumped from one ventricle of the heart with each beat ( CO = HR x SV, therefore BP = HR x SV x TPR ).